A bond is a force that holds groups of atoms together to make them function as a unit.

-Bond energy: Energy that is needed to break a bond.

-Ionic bonding: Opposite charges ions attract each other from electrostatic forces.

- Anion is larger than its parent ion.

- Cation is smaller than its parent atom.

-Ionic compound: Metal reacting with a nonmetal.

-Covalent bonding: Electrons are shared by the atoms.

-Polar covalent bond: A covalent bond where the electrons are not equally shared because one atom attract the electrons more strongly than the other atom.

Coulomb’s Law

-Coulomb’s Law: E=(2.31x10^-9 J nm)  [Q₁Q₂/r]

r= distance between ion’s center in nanometers

Q=numerical ion charge

Ex: NaCl

1) Charge of NaCl is Na⁺ and Cl^-

2) Radius= 0.276 nm

3) E=(2.31x10^-9 J nm)  [(+1)(-1)/ 0.276nm] =-8.37 x 10^-19 J

-When the energy is negative the ion pairs has a low energy then separate ions which means there is an attractive charge.

-Coulomb’s Law is used to calculate the repulsive energy between two liked charged ions that are brought together.

-When two ions are repulsing the energy is positive.

Same Atoms

-Between twin atoms there are two unfavorable potential energies; proton-proton repulsion and electron-electron repulsion.

-There is one favorable proton-electron repulsion.

For example, H₂ molecule would be more favorable than separated hydrogen atoms when H₂ molecule is at its lowest possible energy.

 

Decelles, Paul. "Chemical Bonds." The Entangled Bank. 12 July 2006. 1 Jun 2009 <http://staff.jccc.net/PDECELL/chemistry/bonds.html>.                                                    

Chemical Bonds

Carpi, Anthony. "Chemical Bonding." Vision Learning. 1 Jun 2009 <http://www.visionlearning.com/library/module_viewer.php?mid=55>.

Vision Learning

Pillai, Maya. "Types of Chemical Bonds." Intelligent Life on the Web. 1 Jun 2009 <http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-chemical-bonds.html>.

Types of Chemical Bonds

Nave, Carl R.. "Hyper Physics." Chemical Bonding. National Science Teachers Association. 1 Jun 2009 <http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/hframe.html>.

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